Abstract: Aquatic products are favored by consumers because of their rich nutrition and delicious taste. However, aquatic products are also a type of food that can easily cause food allergies. At present, the processing of global aquatic products is difficult to meet the needs of allergic people for food safety, and there is no specific medicine for the treatment of aquatic product allergy. Therefore, eating aquatic products can harm the health of people with potential allergies and reduce their standard of living. In recent years, with the increasing incidence of allergy in the world, the research on the sensitized protein of aquatic products has become one of the public health problems of global concern. In this paper, the biochemical characteristics and antigenepitopes of the main allergen proteins in aquatic products are introduced, including calcium binding protein, tropomyosin, arginine kinase, myosin light chain, hemocyanin, etc. Methods for detecting allergenic proteins such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, mass spectrometry, biosensor method, polymerase chain reaction based on allergenic protein and its DNA are described. Meanwhile, the current research status of using physical, chemical and biological methods to reduce the sensitization of allergic proteins are introduced, and the existing problems and development trends in the research and application of aquatic product allergen proteins are described and summarized. The purpose is to provide references for further understanding of allergen proteins of aquatic products and development of low-sensitization or no-sensitization aquatic foods.